What is the OSHA 4 foot rule for trenches?
The OSHA 4 foot rule says a trench 4 feet deep or more must have a stairway, ladder, ramp or other safe means of egress located so that workers travel no more than 25 feet laterally to reach it. The rule is 29 CFR 1926.651(c)(2), and it applies in addition to the protective system requirements.
Apply the 25 foot egress rule along a trench
Measure lateral travel along the trench from each work location to the nearest ladder, stairway or ramp. A structural ramp used only by employees must be designed by a competent person. Excavations deeper than 4 feet also need atmosphere testing before entry where low oxygen or a hazardous atmosphere could reasonably be expected.
What is the OSHA standard for excavation?
29 CFR 1926 Subpart P, Excavations. Section 1926.650 covers scope and definitions, 1926.651 the specific excavation requirements such as egress and inspections, and 1926.652 protective systems. It applies to all open excavations, including trenches. The competent person on site inspects daily and decides how the rules apply to the conditions.
Sources
Checked 2026-11-02.